How can a transmitter's current output signal be converted to a voltage-input signal for an electronic controller?

A resistor placed across the input terminals of the controller effectively converts the current output signal from the transmitter into a voltage input signal. This principle relies on Ohm's Law, which states that voltage (V) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R) (V = I × R). By selecting a resistor of a specific value, the current flowing through the resistor generates a corresponding voltage that is proportional to the current signal from the transmitter. This method is commonly used in analog systems, known as a current-to-voltage conversion, allowing the controller to interpret the signal correctly as a voltage level.

Other options do not serve this purpose effectively. For instance, tying all wiring in the loop positive-to-negative does not convert signal types but rather pertains to circuit connectivity. A forward bias diode connects in a specific direction to allow current flow but does not perform any conversion between current and voltage. Similarly, placing a capacitor across output terminals doesn't achieve the desired conversion; instead, it would affect the frequency response and transient characteristics of the signal but not convert the current to voltage.